Protesting the Vietnam War in Popular Songs - 988 Words

Artists have throughout history conveyed their thoughts, experiences, and opinions through their songs, whether these were for better or worse. In 1970, an artist by the name of Edwin Starr released his song, â€Å"War.† In 1971, Marvin Gaye released his song, â€Å"What’s Going On.† In 1965, P.F. Sloan released his song, â€Å"Eve of Destruction.† In 1963, Bob Dylan released his song, â€Å"Blowing in the Wind.† The artists wrote, recorded, and released these songs with the purpose to express their feelings of dislike against war, especially the Vietnam War and the racial wars occurring within America concurrently. The four songs listed above were all around the same era of time and were written, recorded, and inspired by the major events that occurred in†¦show more content†¦Additionally in â€Å"Eve of Destruction†, Sloan didn’t limit this song to one war, but spoke of another, concurrent war that was being fought within th e United States similar to Marvin Gaye and Edwin Starr. This second war mentioned in Sloan’s song was the war for civil rights being fought by the minority citizens of the United States. For example, Sloan states, â€Å"I’m sitting here, just contemplating. I can’t twist the truth, it know no relating. Handful of senators don’t pass legislation, and marches alone can’t bring integration, when human respect is disintegrating.† Bob Dylan was known for writing, recording, and releasing inspiring music in which the themes would serve as anthems to whomever it reached. Dylan’s â€Å"Blowing in the Wind†, released in 1963, would serve to be no different. The themes in this song suggest violence in general to be a terrible option in the face of adversity. Whether it is in another country or the home front is in the United States, Dylan’s song shows his disinterest and the vast majority’s disinterest in the Vietnam War an d treatment upon minorities at the time. In his song, he states, â€Å"How many times must cannonballs fly, before they’re ever banned?† He also states, â€Å"How many ears must one man have, before he can hear people cry?† These two verses referring to the Vietnam War are questioning the effectiveness of war. He is asking howShow MoreRelatedThe Song Bring Em Home 1743 Words   |  7 Pages The song â€Å"Bring ‘em Home† was a protest song about the Vietnam War. The song was written and performed by Pete Seeger. Pete Seeger was born in May 3, 1919. Since birth Pete Seeger had a musical orientated childhood. His parents were both involved with music in some way. His father majored in musicology and his mother was a concert violinist. Pete became interested with music in his teenage years. Seeger went on to the Harvard University but later dropped out. â€Å"Pete met, traveled and performed withRead MoreEssay on Protest Songs Throughout the Vietna m War1445 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout all the anti-war protests and marches during the Vietnam War, it is interesting to note the changes in the music of that time. From the beginning of the war, where support and loyalty from Americans was present in songs, to the end of the war, where anger and distrust was evident in musical lyrics, American’s opinion changed about the war. This change in opinion was easily recognized by the altering of musical lyrics about the war when Americans grew tired of the constant sending of URead MoreEssay about Music and Its Influence on 20th Century American History1270 Words   |  6 Pagesemotion there is in people. Music was around during the bad times as well as the good, when people were down, there were songs they could relate to, and when they were happy there were songs they could sing and dance to. Many people don’t think of how much music brightens and amplifies everyday things, such as movies; have you ever noticed how the directors always have a song or tune for every part of the movie bringing out just the right emotion in you. Radio too, what good would radio be todayRead MoreMusic And Cartoons Of The Vietnam War1710 Words   |  7 PagesAjax Diamandis Ms. Harris AP US History June 8, 2015 Art as History: Music and Cartoons of the Vietnam War The Vietnam War (1955-1975) was the longest war the United States has ever fought in and also the most controversial. Many Americans protested against sending their children across seas to fight in a war that did not involve the United States. Millions asked for a return to isolationism such as the 1920s. Meanwhile many protests went viral as the National Guard interfered, killing four at KentRead MoreEssay about Music throughout Society961 Words   |  4 Pagesmade its way everywhere. The songs that were sung defined what every American loved and worked for. It gave people hope and joy, as well as bringing out every other emotion possible. Music was around during the bad times as well as the good. When people were down there were songs they could relate to, and when they were happy there were songs they could sing and dance to (Ennis, 1992). In the 1920s the first pop music began with the big bands. They were a popular choice for many listeners, butRead MoreMusic, The Heart Of The Anti War Movement1453 Words   |  6 PagesMusic, particularly folk, was at the heart of the anti-war movement. In the 1960s, music was â€Å"tied to social change† and Americans were â€Å"emotionally close†¦to sixties music†, despite there being â€Å"little agreement on what folk music is†. Joan Baez â€Å"got the whole ethic of nonviolence at an early age† from her Quaker upbringing. In addition to her pacifist background, Baez took an interest in Ghandi and Martin Luther King from a young age. After hearing King speak at a high school event at fifteen, BaezRead MoreMusic During the Vietnam War Essay889 Words   |  4 Pageswere at risk of being drafted into the Vietnam War. This war brought on revolutionary and innovative ways of thinking. The young people of this decade wanted change and this brought a h uge difference in culture from the conservative fifties. Inspiration for many of the songs and lyrics of the time came from the Vietnam War. The war caused many people to protest and speak out about it. The main genres people used to show their attitudes about the current war were folk and rock. Hippies used musicRead MoreAnalysis Of Greenwich Village : Music That Defined A Generation2282 Words   |  10 PagesProtest music of the 1960s was a counterculture because through the form of music they would protest against the norm, war, government, civil rights, etc. Music was the main force for the younger generation to rebel against the older generation. In the documentary Greenwich Village: Music That Defined a Generation, Tom Bernadin stated that â€Å"money was not the driving force behind your existence† (Greenwich Village). In Greenwich Village and other places around the United States, younger people wouldRead MoreProtest Music s Influence On The Vietnam War1927 Words   |  8 PagesProtest Music’s Influence on the Vietnam War Andrew W. Long Pickens Academy Coach Tyler  Abstract Protest music influenced the Vietnam War in many ways. It changed how people thought about it, and also how people got through it. Most people would listen to the music and not be sad about the war anymore. Protest music also influenced political choices during the Vietnam War. It helped to bring the war to an end.  Protest Music’s Influence on the Vietnam War Music is influential in society. MusicRead MorePopular Culture And Music Affect U.s. Public Opinion On The Vietnam War2148 Words   |  9 PagesTo what extent did popular culture and music affect U.S. public opinion on the Vietnam War? I.B. Internal Assessment Chavez, Miguel History HL Port Chester High School Word Count: 2,131 May 2016 â€Æ' Table of Contents Part A: Plan of Investigation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 3 Part B: Summary of evidence†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...Page 4 Part C: Evaluation of sources†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 7 Part D: Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Page 9 Part E: Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦

The Underground Railroad Is Such An Integral Part Of History

The Underground Railroad is such an integral part of history. This paper will provide insight into railroad, a key event that assisted in igniting more passion toward ending slavery, a couple of key players, the routes and the final destinations of the passengers of the railroad. During the time of slavery, networks of places to meet to escort slaves to freedom were created to move them up north. These networks being to materialize in the early 1800’s. The meeting places were secret in nature and were later given the term â€Å"Underground Railroad.† The railroad would begin in the south and end in the northern states and Canada. The railroad assisted, by estimation, over one hundred thousand slaves to freedom. (Curtis, 1941) The action of assisting the slaves was illegal during this time but they were assisted by good people called abolitionist. (Blackett, 2013) Abolitionists were men and women who believed that everyone should be equal. The movement was an ef fort to abolish slavery. There was one name that is not mentioned an often but who was very important to the movement and his name was Dred Scott. Events that occurred in his life added a spark to the controversial attitude toward slavery that would change history Dred Scott was born in 1795 in Virginia into slavery. His original owner, Peter Blow, relocated to Huntsville, Alabama, and later died. Dred Scott was sold to Dr. John Emerson and later wed Harriet Robinson. Her ownership was transferred to theShow MoreRelatedStory Of Henry Box Brown1662 Words   |  7 Pagespunishment in his state, he would be auctioned back off into slavery. Fortunately for Burris, one of his white associates impersonated a buyer at the auction to technically win back his freedom (Underground Railroad – Whisper†¦). While many unrecorded successful attempts have been undoubtedly lost to history, the ones that survived highlight the intelligence and craftiness of both the slaves and their allies. However, there were great risks. While the northern Untied States was a popular destinationRead MoreLife in the Plantations: The Runaways and the Underground Railroad778 Words   |  4 Pagesplantations’ landlords were also called â€Å"planters†, a term used to designate those who held a significant number of slaves, mostly as agricultural labour. There were different categories of planters: large planters (who had more than 50 slaves, and were part of the â€Å"Planter elite† or â€Å"Planter Aristocracy†) and medium planters (who had an average of 16-50 slaves) . In Django Unchained, two enormous plantations appear (the first one is in Tennessee and the second one in â€Å"Candyland†, Chickasaw, Mississippi)Read MoreHistory of US Immigrants1546 Words   |  7 Pagesreport we need to study the relation of diverse people contribution in United States and the countries culture. (McLaughlin, 2006) The culture of immigrants always being in appropriate for the reason of not acceptance of un born Americans, but an integral part of it is still developed due to the high rate of immigrants. Successful waves of immigrants have kept this country demographically young, have enriched its culture and have contributed to the nations productive capacity, increasing its influenceRead MoreThe Fight For Social Justice Essay2115 Words   |  9 PagesThe main purpose of social work is to advocate for those who have no voice. Throughout history, many individuals have served as role models and proponents of social justice, helping to create policies and programs so future generations can benefit. Jane Addams, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Rachel Carson, and Harriet Tubman worked tirelessly and devoted their entire lives to the pursuit of justice. We have learned through their sacrifices that change is just one person away, and that it takes tremendousRead MoreThe State Of Maryland Was Considered A Bo rder State1386 Words   |  6 Pagesfree blacks as it did slaves. In early 1861, almost 84,000 â€Å"free Negroes† were identified while more than 87,000 black and mixed race individuals were listed as slaves. Maryland was made up of merchants and business people in the central and western parts of the state with primarily farmers and slaveholders in the east and south. The merchant class, gaining control of the state legislature, felt that a war with the North would be economically devastating and could destroy their businesses. That wasRead MoreProhibition : Installment And Effects1255 Words   |  6 PagesKaye AP Psychology 12 March 2016 Prohibition: Installment and Effects â€Å"The ratification of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution–which banned the manufacture, transportation and sale of intoxicating liquors–ushered in a period in American history known as Prohibition† (History.com Staff). Overnight, alcohol went from a common drink of choice to an illegal asset that became the heartbeat of bootlegging organizations and organized crime. The otherwise â€Å"Roaring 20s† was marred by the gang violenceRead MoreEssay on Fighting for Equal Rights1724 Words   |  7 Pagesjustice for all.† (Mission Statement, WILPF, n.d.) Essentially, this means the organization fights for an end to war and violence, equal rights for women and all other minorities, and social justice. This mission statement was part of the code by which Jane Addams lived. Through her work with Hull House, the peace movement, and many others, she was able to fight against mainstream society. She advocated for the rights of the immigrants, the poor, women, and other minoritiesRead MoreSlavery Of The Black Spirit By Michael Craton1959 Words   |  8 Pagesmovement in the United States. This group believed that all humans had an â€Å"inner light,† and therefore, slavery directly opposed their central belief that all humans are created equal (Washington, Lecture). For this reason, Quakers became an integral part in the anti-slavery movement, speaking out against slavery as well as housing runaway slaves who escaped bondage in the south. Growing Unrest When asking the average layperson about emancipation in the United States, a common response may beRead MoreAmerican History Without A Mention Of Pennsylvania2234 Words   |  9 PagesAndrew Lee Ms. Coulson HIST012 December 17, 2014 Final Assessment It is nearly impossible to study American history without a mention of Pennsylvania. The state is central in American history not only because of its location on the East Coast, but also for the long duration of time that Europeans have inhabited Pennsylvania. Always central to early American history, Pennsylvania was of the first American colonies, birthed many of the founding fathers, and even housed Philadelphia, the first capitalRead MoreEssay on Civil Engineers: Builders of Tomorrow2024 Words   |  9 Pagesaccomplishment was so significant during that time period that Imhotep was granted the honorable title of a deity. He is accredited with being the first civil engineer for this feat, as well as for his design of the first columns. Columns were an integral part of many structures built during that era, such as the Karnak temple, which is â€Å"the largest temple complex ever built by man† (www.touregypt.net). The level of design and beauty of these temples were so hi gh that â€Å"when the Romans first came to Egypt

French Policy to Phase Out Petrol and Diesel Vehicles - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Understanding the French Policy to Phase Out Petrol and Diesel Vehicles. Answer: Introduction President Macron announced in July that France will phase out its petrol and diesel vehicles by the year 2040. This announcement comes shortly after the Paris Climate Agreement was signed, to which France is a signatory. This paper examines climate change as a market failure and discusses the effectiveness of this policy in addressing this market failure. This paper also addresses another form of market failure fossil-fuel subsidy. The policy is also discussed in the contet of sunsidies. Market Failure A market failure is a situation when the market mechanism fails to capture all the costs of producing economic goods.(Stern 2007) A market failure implies that a market is not functioning efficiently. The policy described in the article has been announced to deal with the failure called climate change. This a domestic policy intervention by France so that France can fulfil its commitment towards the Paris Accord. Climate change has been described as a market failure because the economic systems do not account for the harmful effects or negative externalities of climate change.(Stern 2007) Petrol and diesel vehicles emit Green House Gases (GHG) and these emissions have externalities in the form of climate change. Climate change entails extreme weathers, global warming and more. Arrow calculated the economic costs of climate change and concluded that the world is better off investing in new climate friendly technologies and mitigation efforts since the benefits of such investment outwe igh its costs.(Arrow 2007) Countries measure economic growth without accounting for the negative externalities of climate change to the environment and public health and consequently, the costs are borne by the society in the form of the costs relating to natural disasters, healthcare costs etc.(Stern 2007) Negative externalities or diseconomies are mathematically represented as a (negative) deviation of Marginal Private Cost (MPC) from the Marginal Social Cost. According to Lipsey Chrystal, (2011) Private costs are those costs that are incurred by parties that are involved directly in the Economic activity and Social costs are those costs that are borne by the society Hence, Marginal Private Costs refer to the private producers cost of the last producing the last unit produced or providing services to the last consumer serviced. Producers will only price goods according to willingness to pay of consumers. Hence, the responsibility of negative externalities can also, be transferred to consumers. The Marginal Social Cost is a valuation of the impact borne by the society in the production of the last unit of good or services. Negative externalities decrease the social good i.e. they have harmful effects or cause inconvenience to the public, in general. (Lipsey and Chrystal 2011). The dia gram given below depicts negative externalities and the loss of social good resulting from the externalities produced by petrol and diesel cars. The Marginal Private Costs in are the cost of producing the cars. The deadweight loss is the difference between the two.(Riley 2005). The loss of social good is the loss of efficiency and this loss of efficiency is calculated a deadweight loss. Climate change is a result of market failure since the producers of negative externalities do no bear the full costs and policy intervention is required to correct the possible harmful effects of climate change. If countries were made to face the negatives effects of climate change proportionate to their carbon emissions, then it would be the ideal response to the problem as countries would have acted to reduce their emissions.(Stern 2007) Some of such policy interventions include carbon pricing and emissions trading. (Arrow, 2007) In the given example, policy change has been used to seek technological intervention i.e. it is hoped that by phasing out inefficient technology and replacing it with more efficient technology, the market failure of climate change can be corrected. In this context, more efficient technology would imply any technology that can replace the vehicles with considerably fewer emissions. For example, electric combustion run vehicles or electric cars are considere d to be more carbon efficient.(Chrisafis Vaughan, 2017) The prime reason for the existence of policy levers such as carbon pricing is that they provide an impetus to technological innovations to reduce the social costs of climate change. France has pledged to reduce its carbon emissions.(United Nations Framework Convention For Climate Change 2017) Climate and these policy interventions drive the market to pay for the social costs or impose checks (caps) on the negative externalities that result from economic activity. Additionally, they provide structures so that those activities that cause these social diseconomies or negative externalities would compensate for it. (Samuelson and Nordhaus 2004) Another form of market failure in this example is the subsidies given for fossil fuels, here petrol and diesel.(Stern 2007) Fossil fuels can also be considered as market failures since the costs of subsidies are borne by tax payers who may or may not avail subsidies in equal amount of their consumption of petrol and diesel. The Impact and Effectiveness of the Policy The policy intervention announced related to investment in a new technology(United Nations Framework Convention For Climate Change 2017) i.e. electric vehicles to replace the older technology i.e. petrol and diesel run vehicles. However, petrol and diesel run vehicles are not just goods but products that a part of the automotive industry with varied allied markets. Key among them are the market for fossil fuels and electric car. Effects on Other Markets a) Effects on Complementary Goods: Petrol and diesel are complementary goods to petrol and diesel combustion vehicles.(Gravelle and Rees 2005) Hence, the reduction in demand and supply of such vehicles will cause a decrease in demand for petrol and diesel itself. As the demand for petrol and diesel decreases, the negative externalities of petrol and diesel (i.e. externalities pertaining to Green House Gas Emissions and externalities pertaining to subsidies) will decrease. This will lead to high social benefits which may off set the additional costs, if any, that the society may incur due to the introduction of the new technology.In the diagram below, the demand for fossil fuels (here taken exclusively as Petrol and Diesel) is assessed, given the demand for Petrol and diesel cars. b) Impact on Electric Car Market Commercial car owners can produce cars by varying the engine of the car. (Chrisafis Vaughan, 2017) Consumer can choose between the petrol and diesel cars and electric cars. i.e petrol and diesel combustion engines and electric combustion engines are substitutes.(Gravelle and Rees 2005) As the demand for electric engine vehicles increases, their average costs will hopefully reduce and the prices of electric vehicles and petrol and diesel run vehicles will begin to converge. As the average costs reduce, the price will reduce too, thereby increasing the demand for electric vehicles further. In the diagram below, it is assumed that future consumers will either choose from the petrol or electric vehicle. The diagram depicts the cross elasticity of demand between electric vehicles and fossil fuel run vehicles.

Project on Urban Water for Climate and Agriculture- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theProject on Urban Water for Climate and Agriculture. Answer: Corporate Cases- An Urban Water Authority In 2012, the Australian government introduced a carbon tax in 2012 to mitigate global warming as well as to handle the aspect of change in climate. Also, the government hosted a direct-action plan that would substitute the carbon pricing and technically accomplish the very similar goals of global warming alleviation. In relation, the paper will appear in an in-depth analysis attempt to compare and contrast the two related policies (Ekstrm 2015). The impact of climate change on urban water Urban water simply means all water surfaces that occur in the urban environments (Head, Adams, McGregor and Toole 2014). Subsequently, this is inclusive of consideration of natural surface water as well as underground water and the water used for portable use, food services, storm harvesting among other projects. There is a profound association that exists between water, energy, climate, and agriculture (Whetton, Ekstrm, Gerbing, Grose, Bhend, Webb and Risbey 2015). Technically, the relationship can be viewed as one that is getting out of hand and in relation threatening foodstuff, water as well as security for energy. Subsequently, change in climate is a factor that can no longer be ignored because its impact is progressively becoming something that has more evident across the world. It is important to point out that 1992 was listed as one of hottest years ever registered and nearly each year since this year has been included on the list. According to NOAA and NASA data, 2015 was the hottest year ever recorded. The rise in the earths temperature is something that has continuously created an impact on our freshwater and urban water supplies. Technically, the results point towards a devastating effect on these resources. Due to the temperature increase, evaporation also increases and as a result sometimes there are experienced cases of droughts. Australia has not been left out of the list of some of the greatest severe and many-year famine affected places. Additionally, it is true to say that increasing temperatures are also melting ice-cold at an extraordinary proportion. As it is publicly known, glaciers are part of the most important sources of fresh water worldwide, and the reduction of such has disastrous impacts. Some, an example of those found in Glacier nat ional park face the possibility of extinction within the 21 century. The dangerous part in all of this is that once glaciers melt away, it is impossible to restore them. In relation, the areas that formerly hinge on the glaciers will strictly have to find other options. What complicates this outcome further is the point that in a radiated environment, more rainfall will occur and not snow. More rain than snowfall could happen from a third-party perspective seem a plus, but this is not the case. On the contrary, this means more frequent water shortages which are not a positive result. This can be credited to the fact that while hail and ice collect on the highland tops, rainwater in relation released slowly into the pools and it dissolves slowly through summer besides spring. On the other hand, when there is rain, basins fill speedily to volume in the wintertime which in return leads to excessive water runoffs which lack storage areas. As a result, the areas within Australia that are dependent on snow-melt as their main fresh water source will gradually face water scarcities. It is also important to point out that the link between water and change in climate does not close there. Subsequently, the arrangements which are used to purify as well as to move public water supplies require an extensive large amount of energy which most of the time is formed by regular gas and other vestige fuels. In relation, when people use water, we also use energy and hence contribute to change in climate. Rationale and theoretical underpinning of carbon tax compared with Direct Action Plan The rationale behind the carbon tax is of far reaching consequence on the urban water in Australia. The carbon tax is justifiable in a number of ways amid nations joining hands to embrace carbon tax instruments therefore it be regrettable to give up on the carbon tax initiative (Schiermeier 2014). The carbon tax initiative costs less and much is realized on the side of the government while the Direct Action Plan is likely to cost more on the government with little impact. The Direct Action is approximated at $ 5 billion dollar each year in the Australian budget meaning that it would cost more than carbon tax would cost with very minimal carbon reduction. Carbon tax is more efficient as compared to Direct Action plan. In the short run it would slightly reduce electricity bills consequently reducing the cost of pumping urban water to the consumers. The Australian energy use is surely reducing bringing efficiency in controlling urban water as well as the reducing the negative externalities on the urban waters. The theoretical underpinning carbon tax and Direct Action explains how each of them works. The carbon tax is levied on the firms depending on the amount of negative externalities in the environment. The tax increases with the increase in the negative externalities produced by the firm. Pricing of Carbon may take different ways. The pricing system sets limits for firms on the general amount of green gas emitted into the environment and makes the environmental contaminators to stay under control and check (Lindsay, Furie, Davis, Donnan and Norrving 2014). It is aimed at increasing the polluters bills so as to make fossil fuels expensive thereby reducing affordability and then the consumers are finally protected from the negative effects of uncontrolled green gas emission. On the other hand, the Direct Action Plan argues that the Australian government would incur costs of business projects that reduce carbon emission into the environment (Robson 2014). It further explains that allocations would be made by the government through opposite sale beginning with lowest costing projects. In Direct Action, the reduction of emission would identify and buy reduction of emission from the allocated funds at the lowest possible cost also the allocated fund will be used to buy the emissions that are genuinely geared toward reducing the carbon emission (Parliament of Australia, Direct Action Plan). That is, firms that genuinely reduce emissions into the environment lower than their individual standards would definitely offer to sell the carbon produced to the government but the businesses emitting carbon above their standard would be penalized (Meng, Siriwardana and McNeill 2013). Risk and opportunities for urban water or firm in a carbon-constrained world The increasing population pressure, as well as susceptibility to projected climate change impact, have the capability to pose strains on the water facility in the country. Traditionally, water facility concentrated more on satisfying water urban demand through a network of little energy lines that is largely founded on the capture and storing of external runoff. The approach, however, is showing that it is no longer adequate in sustaining the swelling demand for water in Australian urban centers. Now, water springs rely on innovative know-hows which technically incur plentiful operating energy overheads, and several efforts have been made to address developing water supply difficulties in Australia. Technically, there are various risks and opportunities associated with city water in a world constrained with carbon, particularly in Australia. Development of Australian water assets usually employed low-cost solutions which has negligible operating energy. Also, it is vital to point out that the increasing water demand together with Australian regular climate inconsistency has technically caused water dealers snowballing water quantity sources through aspects such as recycled water or desalination which is a form of energy-intensive climate independent alternatives. The challenge, however, is that these sources require high operational cost attributed to the rising cost of energy. Similarly, when this price of energy upsurges, the price of water is also possible to surge. Subsequently, this leads to bigger probability of being affected by locally useful carbon restraints hence making it an essential variable for urban water (Smith, Haberl, Popp, Erb, Lauk, Harper and Masera 2013). Also, as the water functions adjust to the varying water quantity circumstances through the use of varying water bases, it is paramount to acknowledge the influence that the great energy results have on the alleviation of environment change. The potential need for climate change mitigation as well as improvement makes it necessary for developing approaches to be critically evaluated. Australia can be considered as the wealthy country which has abundant fossils fuels that can potentially elect energy-intensive solutions which are technically acceptable in the short term. The proposed emissions reduction makes its target the execution of a decarbonization of the energy segment as well as the economy in shorter durations (Miller 2014). Australia must also acknowledge the concept of unique hydrology as well as the effective use of a mixture of low energy methods to reduce the water stores generally impact on the atmosphere. Relatively, this will comprise the minimization of evaporation, appropriate sources and reuse and applying reuse with a keen interest in energy consumption. The country also needs to change the current paradigm regarding water resources. Such an approach will relatively save both water as well as energy which in return will reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Another primary benefit is that it will enable more effective transitioning towards more sustainable practice regarding our utilities (Pikaar, Sharma, Hu, Gernjak, Keller and Yuan 2014). Adaption strategies Buying of energy-efficient goods. Consumers should deliberately begin to buy and use energy-efficient goods even if they are seemingly expensive, they will reduce energy bills in the long run hence reduce water bills as well. Businesses also need to invest in machines that have lower consumption of carbon fuel Rewriting rules and regulations for the services. Writing rules and regulations in regard to environment promotes conservation of the environment just like selling the energy. It will also act as public education program to enlighten the public on the need to conserve the environment because when the environment is conserved, several benefits are reaped as far as the availability and use of urban water is concerned (Marlow, Moglia, Cook and Beale 2013). Restricted types of transportation. In order to realize strategy for reducing green gas emission into the environment, means of transport should be looked into and restricted measures be taken into consideration. Vehicles that use high carbon fuel should be greatly reduced in number as compared to those that consume less. Mass transit system should also be adopted to reduce the number of private cars on the road that increase heating. The number of big ships on the waterways should be restricted to avoid spillage of oil in water that consequently causes pollution of the water is later used by the urban dwellers (Grant, Fletcher, Feldman, Saphores, Cook, Stewardson and Hamilton 2013). Changes in water use practices. The urban dwellers have to change their habit of using water and take precautions on the rate of use or otherwise face scarcity due to overconsumption. Good use of the available water by small and large consumers is important in reducing negative effects of lack of water in the environment (Troy 2013) Plans for the resource conservation. Taking lead in the plans for conserving the environment is important and indispensable in realizing mitigation on green house effects. Conservation plans should be encouraged through financial aids to undertake reforestation in areas where plants have been cruelly dealt with. Reforestation will ensure water availability in urban centers for the dwelling population thereof. On the note, deforestation ought to be discouraged completely among the population since without plants, warming is likely to heighten thereby increasing greenhouse effects (Hristov, Oh, Lee, Meinen, Montes, Ott and Yang 2013). With increased warming to the environment, devastating effects occurs, drought is experienced thereby reducing the water level from the water sources consequently reducing the amount of water for use in the urban centers. Therefore, the more fruitful mitigation strategies advanced toward the effects of greenhouse emission, the more successful human life becomes in the urban areas. References Ekstrm, M. 2015. Central Slopes Cluster Report, Climate Change in Australia Projections for Australias Natural Resource Management Regions: Cluster Reports, eds. Ekstrm, M. et al. Cluster reports,CSIRO and Bureau of Meteorology, Australia. https://www. Climate change in Australia. gov. au/en/publications-library/cluster-reports. Grant, S. B., Fletcher, T. D., Feldman, D., Saphores, J. D., Cook, P. L., Stewardson, M. ... and Hamilton, A. J. 2013. Adapting urban water systems to a changing climate: Lessons from the millennium drought in southeast Australia. Head, L., Adams, M., McGregor, H. V., and Toole, S. 2014. Climate change and Australia. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 5(2), 175-197. Hristov, A. N., Oh, J., Lee, C., Meinen, R., Montes, F., Ott, T. ... and Yang, W. 2013. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions in livestock production: A review of technical options for non-CO2 emissions. FAO Animal Production and Health Paper No, 177, 1-206. Lindsay, P., Furie, K. L., Davis, S. M., Donnan, G. A., and Norrving, B. 2014. World Stroke Organization global stroke services guidelines and action plan. International Journal of Stroke, 9(A100), 4-13. Marlow, D. R., Moglia, M., Cook, S., and Beale, D. J. 2013. Towards sustainable urban water management: A critical reassessment. Water research, 47(20), 7150-7161. Meng, S., Siriwardana, M., and McNeill, J. 2013. The environmental and economic impact of the carbon tax in Australia. Environmental and Resource Economics, 1-20. Miller, C. 2014. Australia getting hotter. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 12(3), 150-150. Parliament of Australia, Direct Action Plan https://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/Senate/Environment_and_Com munications/Direct_Action_Plan/Report/c05 Pikaar, I., Sharma, K. R., Hu, S., Gernjak, W., Keller, J., and Yuan, Z. 2014. Reducing sewer corrosion through integrated urban water management. Science, 345(6198), 812-814. Robson, A. 2014. Australia's carbon tax: An economic evaluation. Economic Affairs, 34(1), 35- Schiermeier, Q. 2014. Anger as Australia dumps carbon tax. Nature, 511(7510). Smith, P., Haberl, H., Popp, A., Erb, K. H., Lauk, C., Harper, R. ... and Masera, O. 2013. How much land?based greenhouse gas mitigation can be achieved without compromising food security and environmental goals? Global Change Biology, 19(8), 2285-2302. Troy, P. 2013. Troubled waters: Confronting the water crisis in Australia's cities (p. 217). ANU Press. Whetton, P., Ekstrm, M., Gerbing, C., Grose, M., Bhend, J., Webb, L., and Risbey, J. 2015. Climate change in Australia. Information for Australias natural resource management regions: technical report.

BINOM.DIST in Excel

BINOM.DIST in Excel Calculations with the binomial distribution formula can quite tedious and difficult. The reason for this is due to the number and types of terms in the formula.  As with many calculations in probability, Excel can be utilized to expedite the process. Background on the Binomial Distribution The binomial distribution is a discrete probability distribution. In order to use this distribution, we need to make sure that the following conditions are met: There are a total of n independent trials.  Each of these trials can be classified as a success or failure.The probability of success is a constant p. The probability that exactly k of our n trials are successes is given by the formula: C( n, k) pk (1 - p)n – k. In the above formula, the expression C( n, k) denotes the binomial coefficient. This is the number of ways to form a combination of k elements from a total of n. This coefficient involves the use of the factorial, and so C(n, k) n!/[k!(n – k)! ]. COMBIN Function The first function in Excel related to the binomial distribution is COMBIN. This function calculates the binomial coefficient C( n, k), also known as the number of combinations of k elements from a set of n. The two arguments for the function are the number n of trials and k the number of successes. Excel defines the function in terms of the following: COMBIN(number, number chosen) Thus if there are 10 trials and 3 successes, there are a total of C(10, 3) 10!/(7!3!) 120 ways for this to occur. Entering COMBIN(10,3) into a cell in a spreadsheet will return the value 120. BINOM.DIST Function The other function that is important to know about in Excel is BINOM.DIST. There are a total of four arguments for this function in the following order: Number_s is the number of successes. This is what we have been describing as k.Trials are the total number of trials or n.Probability_s is the probability of a success, which we have been denoting as p.Cumulative uses an input either of true or false to calculate a cumulative distribution. If this argument is false or 0, then the function returns the probability that we have exactly k successes. If the argument is true or 1, then the function returns the probability that we have k successes or less. For example, the probability that exactly three coins out of 10 coin flips are heads is given by BINOM.DIST(3, 10, .5, 0). The value returned here is 0.11788. The probability that from flipping 10 coins at most three are heads is given by BINOM.DIST(3, 10, .5, 1). Entering this into a cell will return the value 0.171875. This is where we can see the ease of using the BINOM.DIST function. If we did not use software, we would add together the probabilities that we have no heads, exactly one head, exactly two heads or exactly three heads. This would mean that we would need to calculate four different binomial probabilities and add these together. BINOMDIST Older versions of Excel use a slightly different function for calculations with the binomial distribution. Excel 2007 and earlier use the BINOMDIST function. Newer versions of Excel are backward compatible with this function and so BINOMDIST is an alternate way to calculate with these older versions.

Gathering Blue Essay Essay Essays

Gathering Blue Essay Essay Essays Gathering Blue Essay Essay Essay Gathering Blue Essay Essay Essay Kira is a miss with a distorted leg who lives in a more crude society where people who can non work. dice. She has been kept alive by her female parent. and when her female parent dies. Kira is brought before the Council of Guardians. Kira’s life is spared when she proves she can weave really good. and she is assigned to the undertaking of repairing up the robe worn by the vocalist whose lone occupation is to sing the narrative of human civilisation one time a twelvemonth. She meets Thomas. the male child whose responsibility is to carve the Singer’s staff. When happening out she needs to dye her ain yarn. Kira begins doing a trip to the hut of Annabella. an old adult female who teaches Kira dyeing. Annabella shows her the workss needed to do every colour. except for blue. : Kira easy learns that her life is less than idyllic. She hears shouting in her edifice. and she and Thomas discover another orphan miss whose ability is to sing and will finally replace the current Singer. The orphan miss is scolded and punished if she does non sing ; Kira befriends her but realizes she. Thomas. and the orphan miss do non hold every bit much freedom as idea. At the Ceremony. she sees the Singer ( whose robe she is repairing ) . She realizes that his pess are chained. and he is basically a captive. The deduction is that she and the others with gifts are besides captives. Kira is besides friends with a male child named Matt. He tells Kira of a small town he one time came across while lost in the forests. This small town had blue. When the twenty-four hours that the Singer sings his vocal comes. Matt is nowhere to be found. He finally returns with a unsighted adult male from the small town in a bluish shirt. The adult male. it turns out. is the male parent whom Kira tho ught was dead: Christopher. He now lives in a community made up of injured and handicapped people who help one another. Christopher has enemies on the council and is forced to return. Kira decides to remain in the small town to go on to repair the singer’s robe and assist better the society she lives in. Finally. shut to the terminal of the book Matt tells Kira about a male child with bluish eyes from the community her pa is from. He says he has bluish eyes and is non injured in any manner. He thinks Kira should acquire married with him. but Kira diminutions. That male child is subsequently revealed to be ‘Jonas’ from The Giver.a book besides by Lowry. Fictional characters: Kira – a immature miss with a distorted leg and gifted in weaving ; She is the supporter of the novel Vandara – an evil enemy of Kira’s ; she requests that Kira be sent to the field to decease Annabella – an aged adult female who teaches Kira about dyes Thomas – Kira’s friend. a immature adult male gifted in wood carvings Jo – a yearling miss gifted in singing Matt – a immature male child who helps Kira. Thomas. and ( subsequently ) Christopher Jamison – an older adult male. Kira’s patron and wise man from the Council of Guardians ; subsequently found to be the adult male who attempted to kill Christopher. Christopher – Kira’s male parent Katrina – Kira’s Mother Branch – Matt’s Canis familiaris

The central concepts of finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The central concepts of finance - Essay Example In this case therefore, as argued by Bodie, et al, (2011), if the market is not able to predict its fluctuations, but does asses them as being likely or less likely, then the likelihood can be accessed through mathematical process using the relevant information in the market. Thus, factors such as price reflect all the relevant information that is available in terms of the total value of an asset. With the introduction and analysis of the financial efficiency, this paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the market efficiency types and the approaches to test this efficiency. After the emergence of stock market, there was a widespread concern and controversy that made most of the investors to be keen when participating in the market. The situation was caused by the fact that their approach of making their profits seemed inappropriate. Considering that the stock market is an important component of the capital market, many economists in the world developed serious concerns and intere sts in exploring the trend of stock price. In this case, even though the intentions were different, there has been a central focus on the trend of the capital market in the global financial market. As the efficient market hypothesis became known to many, it became also an important part of the school of rational expectations theory, and one of the theoretical foundations of modern economic principles. As argued by the America financial economist, Fama (1965), if the market price fully reflect the all of available information.